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BEAVERTON, Ore. -- In the spring of 1977, a kid named Michael Jordan was finishing eighth grade in Wilmington, North Carolina. He hadn't yet been cut from his high school varsity squad. He hadn't yet hit the game-winning shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship Game for the University of North Carolina. And he certainly hadn't become Michael Jordan, the NBA star and cultural icon we all know today.

But the trails of history connect in mysterious ways. That same spring, 3,000 miles away in Oregon, a former aerospace engineer finagled a meeting with the young CEO of an upstart footwear company.

The CEO's name was Phil Knight. His company was called Nike. The former aerospace engineer was named M. Frank Rudy. The two men, along with Rudy's business partner, sat around a conference table, as Knight recalls in his memoir, Shoe Dog.

Then Rudy leaned in with a smile and made his pitch.

"Mr. Knight," the CEO recalls Rudy saying that day in the spring of '77. "We've come up with a way to inject ... air ... into a running shoe."

Unbeknownst to Rudy, unbeknownst to Knight -- and most definitely unbeknownst to that teenager named Michael in North Carolina -- the seed had been planted for something big. Something huge. Something massive.

Jordan went on to star in college. Nike, powered in part by the pressurized airbags Rudy pitched, continued its ascent. Jordan left North Carolina after his junior season in 1984, entering the NBA with a charismatic personality to match his dynamic game. Nike signed him to an endorsement deal, and released a shoe in 1985.

They named it the Air Jordan, a nod both to the player's high-flying exploits and what had become Nike's signature shoe tech. Air Jordan -- arguably the most iconic line in sneaker history -- had been unleashed upon the world. Sports business hasn't been the same since.

This Wednesday, Nike unveiled the Air Jordan XXXI, the iconic line's latest offering. Several weeks prior, Mashablewas invited to Oregon for a rare behind-the-scenes look at the yet-to-be-released sneaker and all that went into creating it.

Since that original Air Jordan hit so many years ago, sneaker technology has advanced from rudimentary to state of the art. The story of the Air Jordan XXXI is actually the story of an entire industry's technological evolution.

From Air Jordan I to Air Jordan XXXI

"We always start with Michael," Tate Kuerbis, Nike senior footwear designer and lead designer on the Air Jordan XXXI, told us at company headquarters in May.

So begins what's typically an 18-month process to create a new Air Jordan shoe: a meeting with Michael Jordan. This time, Jordan's directions were clear.

"Michael wanted to look back at our heritage," Kuerbis said of those early meetings for the Air Jordan XXXI. "The Air Jordan I was definitely the starting point of his career, so we wanted to take some inspiration from that."

You can see that inspiration on the outer part of the Air Jordan XXXI, where the Nike swoosh fades into Jordan's famous Jumpman logo. The Air Jordan I featured a prominent Nike swoosh, but the Jumpman logo soon became iconic and the swoosh was phased out of Jordan's shoes. Combining the two logos on the latest Air Jordan, Kuerbis said, is a new-model nod to the original Air Jordan.

That's simple to understand with just a glance. But it's the ways in which Kuerbis and his colleagues brought their concepts to life that reveal just how high-tech sneakers have become.

"Innovation [in the sneaker industry] over the past 20 years is like innovation anywhere else -- it's gone from zero to 100," Yuron White, vice president of footwear for Jordan Brand, told Mashable.

'Doing things I'd never thought would be possible'

The Air Jordan I was a leather basketball shoe -- typical of hoops sneakers for many years. Now knit and woven materials, which hold their form and provide flexibility while maintaining a snug fit, have become performance standards. The Air Jordan XX9 and Air Jordan XXX, for example, featured woven uppers.

But never until the Air Jordan XXXI had Nike combined what it calls its Flyweave technology with traditional synthetic leather to create a one-piece upper.

The Air Jordan XXXI features a synthetic leather heel that blends into a Flyweave forefoot -- the idea being to combine the best features of each material. The Flyweave material is made in Italy using a Jacquard loom. The leather heel adds another performance bonus while further recalling the Air Jordan I.

"What it does is give you a lot of really great flexibility and movement in the forefoot, while the leather in the heel gives you more containment where you need it," said Kuerbis.

Another first to debut with the Air Jordan XXXI is placing a FlightSpeed plate directly on top of a full-length Zoom Air bag. The FlightSpeed plate is designed to provide support for the entire length of the foot, while Zoom Air is an evolution of the innovation Rudy pitched Knight back in 1977. Marrying two of Nike's signature pieces of sneaker tech is an additional instance of old meets new.

Among the Air Jordan I's distinctive design traits was the sneaker's low-to-the-ground profile, which Kuerbis wanted to replicate in the Air Jordan XXXI. Putting the FlightSpeed plate directly on top of the Zoom Air bag, Kuerbis said, lets the Air Jordan XXXI pay homage to its forefather's low profile while providing performance features that designers could once only dream of.

"We're doing things that I'd never thought would be possible," said Kuerbis, who's been at Nike for 22 years.

But again -- more than the story of a single shoe -- Kuerbis' perspective opens a window into an entire industry's evolution.

From 'codfish' to 3D printing

Knight's Nike cofounder -- and one of his driving inspirations as the company grew -- was Bill Bowerman, the University of Oregon's legendary track coach. Bowerman coached Knight at Oregon, where he was renowned for instilling discipline, desire and loyalty in his athletes. The coach was also an obsessive tinkerer whose preoccupation with modifying footwear was decades before its time.

Bowerman, for example, invented the waffle-sole running shoe by melting urethane in an actual waffle iron. When Knight was an Oregon runner in the late 1950s, well before they started Nike, Bowerman constantly supplied the young athlete with experimental shoes to wear in races and training.

Sometimes it got weird.

"In quest of lightness, he was willing to try anything," Knight recalls in Shoe Dog. "Animal, vegetable, mineral, any material was eligible if it might improve on the standard shoe leather of the day. That sometimes meant kangaroo skin. Other times, cod. You haven't lived until you've competed against the fastest runners in the world wearing shoes made of cod."

That "quest" for lightness still guides the much more high-tech innovations that mark Nike and Jordan Brand to this day. It's not as colorful as kangaroo skin, but melding Flyweave with synthetic leather in the Air Jordan XXXI represents a branch from the same tree.

"When you think about lightweight, it's really the cost of doing business now with a kid," White said.

He mimicked the motion of a customer weighing a sneaker in-hand before a wall of shoes at a store.

"We know what that means to a kid," White continued. "He's thinking, 'When I try to fly up and down the court, I don't need something that's heavy and bulky.'"

But innovation still requires iteration and experimentation. In Bowerman's day, this meant trying mad-science experiments on runners like Knight. Nineteen years ago, when White started at Nike, assessing the latest versions of yet-to-be-released sneakers required many rushed trips to overseas factories.

The process is much simpler today, thanks to technology. A Nike design team can now sketch out a sneaker iteration using 3D software, then have an actual prototype printed at company headquarters for review.

"That doesn't mean it's ready on the first shot, but at least we can work with something that has more dimension to it," White told Mashable.

As a new sneaker model fleshes out, human testing plays a critical role. Kuerbis' designs get wear-tested by Jordan Brand athletes, as well as by Nike employees who play basketball regularly. How the shoe fits, how it performs, how it supports cuts and jumps, everything is up for critique.

Human feedback was crucial in fine-tuning the Air Jordan XXXI's many technologically-inspired designs, including one with an origin story that fits perfectly into the outsized persona of Jordan himself.

What Ferraris and sneakers have in common

Where does an Air Jordan designer look for inspiration? Pretty much everywhere, in Kuerbis' case.

Architecture, furniture, art, nature, animals, NASA -- "anything that's pushing the boundaries of construction and materials," he said.

Kuerbis wanted to eliminate as much extra material as possible from the newest Air Jordan. You can see evidence of this inside the shoe, where small foam pods are designed to fit around the malleolus (that bony part of your ankle that sticks out).

Kuerbis' goal was to provide ankle support and a tight fit without adding unnecessary bulk to the sneaker. The ankle pods were inspired by hanging around Jordan's fleet of high-priced cars.

"A lot of that came from looking at Michael's Ferraris," Kuerbis explained. "If you look at the seats, they're perfectly molded to your body -- there's not a lot of extra stuff in the car. We felt like this has to be high-performance footwear, almost like a racecar for the foot, so we started to think about stripping away all the added foam that you don't really need and designing areas that fit one-to-one with the foot."

But that moment of inspiration occurred back at the start of the sneaker-creation process.

Sketches followed -- "thousands of them," Kuerbis said. Materials were sampled. Computer visualizations were created. Early versions were tested, critiqued and fine-tuned.

As he recalled the earliest inspirations for the Air Jordan XXXI project at Nike HQ, Kuerbis held the final product in his hand.

"A lot of sweat and tears went into this," Kuerbis said -- not to mention decades of sneaker innovation. "But we're pretty proud of what we ended up with."

BONUS: Air Jordan, from I to XXXI

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